Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation and application of robots
and computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and
information processing. These technologies deal with automated machines
that can take the place of humans, in hazardous or manufacturing
processes, or simply just resemble humans. Many of today's robots are
inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics.
The concept in creation of machines that could operate autonomously dates back to classical times, but research into the functionality and potential uses of robots did not grow substantially until the 20th century.
Throughout history, robotics has been often seen to mimic human
behavior, and often manage tasks in a similar fashion. Today, robotics
is a rapidly growing field, as we continue to research, design, and
build new robots that serve various practical purposes, whether domestically, commercially, or militarily. Many robots do jobs that are hazardous to people such as defusing bombs, exploring shipwrecks, and mines.
The word robotics was derived from the word robot, which was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), which premiered in 1921. The word robot comes from the Slavic word robota, which is used to refer forced labor.
Robotics brings together several very different engineering areas and
skills. There is metalworking for the body. There is mechanics for
mounting the wheels on the axles, connecting them to the motors and
keeping the body in balance. You need electronics to power the motors
and connect the sensors to the controllers. At last you need the
software to understand the sensors and drive the robot around.
Robotics is the study of robots. Robots are machines that can be used to
do jobs. Some robots can do work by themselves. Other robots must
always have a person telling them what to do.
NASA uses robots in many different ways. Robotic arms on spacecraft are
used to move very large objects in space. Spacecraft that visit other
worlds are robots that can do work by themselves. People send them
commands. The robots then follow those commands. This type of robot
includes the rovers that explore the surface of Mars. Robotic airplanes
can fly without a pilot aboard. NASA is researching new types of robots
that will work with people and help them.
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